Wednesday, July 19, 2023

Choosing the Right Words

 Writers may have difficulty because they are not sure which words to use and how to use them.

Knowing the features of the Part of Speech of words and the role these word groups play in sentences, will give writers information on how to check sentences to see whether the words are laid out logically and if the sentences make sense.

The over 1 million words that we could access to in English can be grouped into eight categories based on how they are used.

The categories are: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, interjection, preposition 


Words are put in similar classes/categories when they have features in common.

  1. noun 2. pronoun 3. verb 4. preposition 5. adjectives 4. adverb 7. conjunction 8. interjection

Generalizations about Word Categories found in Phrases/ Sentences

Parts of Speech

Position in the sentence

Features & Examples

Role in the Sentence

Noun  (N)

1.After an article:

(a baby/an experience; the thought )

2. Before a verb: (Apples are tasty)/ (The teacher talked);

3. After a preposition:

(in the box);


Word/group of words; 

Can be pluralized

(Baby-/babies, equipment-equipment;child-children; life-lives)


Can be capitalized

(Mary, Jamaica); 


Is used to name objects, and ideas;


Is the subject of the sentence;



Pronoun (Pr)

Replaces a noun in the sentence: (He is…) (They are…) (I am …)  (...is mine) (...are yours)

Has plural forms and singular forms

I/We; he/they; you/you

Is used to name persons or ideas;


Can be the subject in the sentence

Verb (V)

Stands alone in a command. (Sit!) (You sit!) (Please sit)

After the subject (S); before the object (O): SVO

The students sit in rows. 

Can be written in different forms (base/present/past/participle);


eat/eats/ate/has eaten/had eaten



Is the predicate of the sentence;


Tells the time of an action; (present/past/future)

Preposition

(Pr.)

Appears before a noun


Short words, frequently used


(in, on, to before)

Shows the location of one noun in relation to another.

Adjective

(Adj.)

Appears before or after nouns: (a red carpet; a heavy red carpet)

Appears after a linking verb:

(The table is heavy); (The children are young)

Can be formed from nouns

Can be compared:


heavy/heavier/heaviest


Can be capitalized

(proper Adjective)

Jamaican

Modifies a noun to say what kind

Adverb (Adv.)

Appears next to verbs; Appears in any position in the sentence.

Usually ends with -ly

Modifies verbs and adjectives by telling how, when, in what manner.

Conjunction

(Conj.)

Between two independent clauses

(I am standing, and you are sitting)

Between two verbs: (The children run and skip);

Between two phrases: 

(The children walk to the store and buy many sweets); Between two nouns/pronouns: 

(The girl and boys; he and she; him and her);

At the end of a list: (apples, bananas, vegetables, and beverages)

Examples: 
Coordinating

and, but, or, nor

Subordinating

after, although, as, as soon as, because

Adds new information;


Shows contrast/opposites

Interjection

(Interj.)

Stands alone as a sentence.

Usually ends with an exclamation mark

Used to express strong emotions


The / A /An are called articles. They generally appear before nouns.



Here is a description of a location. 

A. How many categories of words can you identify?

B. Which category has the most words? 


            (1) Big River nestles in the (2) pleasant and (3) quaint little community of Wakefield; it is also situated between the communities of Thompson Town and Smithville in (4) rural Clarendon. The communities continue to develop (5) and grow along the river. This river is very special to the residents of Wakefield and (6) neighbouring  (7) communities because of its (8)usefulness. (9) It provides water to the  community especially in drought (10) or the dry season. Big River runs (11)from its location in Wakefield  (12) to a river in (13)Pennants, Chapelton which in turn leads to the Rio Mino, the (13) longest river in Jamaica. The Spanish called this river ‘Rio de la Mina’.  (14) This (15) picturesque river is (16) quite  (17)peaceful, cool, and exotic. As the name ‘Big River’ implies, the river is (18) very long. It stetches a far distance and disappears from the community among a cluster of mammoth rocks. (19)Indeed! Big River is (20) an  (21) impressive marker on the parish's (22) geographic landscape.

(Student writer describes a location)

Sunday, July 16, 2023

A Poem I Found... What do you think it's about?

 

Because I Lost Control

 

 

Because I lost control; entangled haplessly,

                          I had an electrifying thrill.

 

Because I lost control; peered curiously,

                          I must decipher every humour, in therapy.       

 

Because I lost control; released violently,

                         I seek solace from my joyful bundle, creating ancestry.

 

Because I lost control; smeared in difficulty,

                     I am tainted by reckless tomfoolery.

 

I was enthralled by a bewitching amour; because I wasn’t ready.

 

Influences on Reading and Writing

     The factors that impacted my love of reading and writing are significant because they emerged from my experiences growing up at home.

    First, I grew up in a home environment where books were sacred. They were neatly wrapped, dusted and laid out in bookcases in very room of the house. My mother had special books she preserved from her years at college; my father did the same, but they added to their collection: books for the home- for their children to enjoy. A collection of stories-fairytales, cookbooks, short stories, school readers, novels about the Caribbean a set of encyclopedias, books about science experiments, the wonders of the world, colouring books and Bibles were all available for us to pour over in our spare time. These not only kept us busy browsing but were useful resources during homework sessions. Continuous interaction among siblings also made literacy events fun. We, the older ones, read to the younger children-just like the parents did-modulating our voices and being dramatic. Long car rides involved singing songs, talking and sharing comics. We spent a lot of time together being entertained by the physical and audio cassette books we had, playing word/board games and watching only three hours of television. Life for us, as children at home, directly and indirectly involved reading, and we did not mind one bit!

    Second, warm feelings are evoked when I recall doing homework. Projects were always a family event. Everyone assisted until the wee hours to see its completion. Materials were laid out on the floor and small booklets were compiled, notes neatly rewritten, pictures cut from magazine amid the clutter of glue and scraps. It was during one of these sessions that I was guided through the writing process. My father provided reems of newsprint to be used to create literal rough drafts of a story being done for homework. Yes, he pointed out the importance of organizing the ideas, and doing a rough copy before publishing the fair copy in my notebook. That ended the frustration of ripping out a page and restarting whenever an idea came to revise the story's events. I was impressed at how more efficient writing a longer story became. I looked forward to the rereading session at the end of it all to find spelling errors and punctuation errors, despite those word cards landing on a wall above our bed to learn their spelling (a traditional word wall?). Nevertheless, the support at home made learning at school manageable. 

    A third factor that directly impacted my literacy journey was having models at home for guidance. Both parents continued studying after having children, so at various periods in my childhood, we studied alongside each other. Hence the atmosphere at home at some points felt like a library. Family members spoke in hushed tones because somebody was studying for an exam, or even assisted by typing assignments. When those programmes ended, our literacy journey continued. We were paid (sometimes) to type sermons, letters of recommendation, research topics on the internet, meeting agenda, minutes for meetings, notices, vote of thanks, eulogies among other things. My parents were teachers and active community members who always took work home and involved my siblings or me in various steps of these documents' production. My mother wrote beautifully in script and cursive. She hovered over our notebooks and constantly corrected letter formation. I practised to write based on models of her handwriting. My signature, for example, was distinctly a model of hers. We had much practice on the smooth wooden door or mini chalkboard in our room. Certainly, imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, and adults who are aware of this, model their best attributes and skills for children.

    As a consequence of our home environment, support received and positive attitude of adult influencers to literacy, I became a voracious reader. I often imagined the scenes I read in stories and poems and tried sketching the most vivid ones. I fancied myself an artist after winning $10 (in 1983) in a competition by drawing an image from a storytelling session at school about centaurs (a creature in Greek mythology that is half horse and half man). I kept journals to record interesting life events as a child, had pen pals worldwide, entered essay competitions and hunted popular series of novels and magazines to consume as soon as one was complete.  Most naturally, English, literature, history, geography and agriculture were my favourite subjects at high school because of my inclination to read, visualize and draw. That was over thirty years ago 😁! Today, I read and write for a living as an academic and try to impact the literacy growth of my students to becoming lifelong learners. 

    The influences on children's literacy are varied and sometimes negative. Thus, many youths find the process of reading and writing tortuous and are reluctant to do so beyond the requirement of classes. Even then, many avoid both reading and writing and may resort to having a Google Assistant read for them and 'cut and paste' instead of writing, for example. My story is just one perspective, what influenced your literacy journey? What do you now think of reading and writing as an adult?  

Choosing the Right Words

 Writers may have difficulty because they are not sure which words to use and how to use them. Knowing the features of the Part of Speech of...